Maglev transportation is a kind of transportation mode which makes the maglev train float up and run by the magnetic force. It can be divided into electromagnetic levitation and electric levitation in terms of the suspension mechanism. The former is the German TR train adopted by the maglev Shanghai demonstration line, the Japanese Aichi HSST train, the Changsha maglev line and the maglev train to be adopted by Beijing. Those of the latter type are Japan Yamanashi line superconducting high-speed maglev MLX, LO series trains.
Tongyi magnetic suspension research center staff introduced, the principle of electromagnetic suspension is, in the vehicle suspension of the electromagnet electric field and magnetic field under the guidance of magnets and ferromagnetic components on the track mutual attraction, the train to absorb suspended on the track, magnets and ferromagnetic track between the suspension gap is generally about 8 to 12 millimeters. The train ensures a stable suspended air gap by controlling the excitation current of the suspended magnets, and the train is drawn by a linear motor.
The principle of electric levitation is that when a train is in motion, the moving train flows in the direction of the magnetic field induced by the suspension coil of the magnetic field attached to the magnet. The two interact to create an upward repulsive force that keeps the train at a certain altitude. This height is usually 100 to 150 millimeters. Train operation adopts linear motor traction. In contrast to electromagnetic levitation systems, electromagnetic levitation systems cannot float still, but must reach a certain speed to float, which is about 150km /h.
In addition to the different suspension mechanisms, the traction motors of maglev are also different. Although they are all linear motors, they can be divided into "long stator linear synchronous motors" and "short stator linear asynchronous motors".When the long stator linear synchronous motor is used, the stator of the motor is laid along the whole line, and the rotor of the motor is installed on the vehicle, which is suitable for traction of high speed maglev trains, such as maglev Shanghai demonstration line, Germany's TR normal conducting maglev train and Japan's MLX, LO and other series superconducting maglev trains.When the short stator linear induction motor is used, the stator of the motor is installed on the car and the rotor is on the track, which is suitable for low speed maglev train, such as Changsha maglev line and Japan Aichi maglev line. Thus, the maglev transportation technology can be divided into high speed maglev technology and medium and low speed maglev technology. The maximum operating speed of the former is about 400 to 500 km/h, while the maximum operating speed of the latter is about 80 to 100 km/h. In recent years, the development of 200 km/h maglev technology is called medium speed maglev technology.
In addition, Japan's super conducting maglev train uses low-temperature superconducting coils mounted on the vehicle to create a strong magnetic field, known as superconducting maglev transportation. In addition, at present other maglev transportation technology uses ordinary conductors to excite electricity, produce electromagnetic buoyancy and guiding force, so it is called normal magnetic levitation transportation.
